Number the Stars Book Tour
Lois Lowry’s award-winning novel, Number the Stars, is a work of historical fiction. This means that the story is set in a real place during a historical era. While the specific details of the main story are imagined, they could have been true. Writers of historical fiction work hard to ensure the details that surround their stories are historically accurate. Follow along on this book tour to learn more about the historical moments and places mentioned in this book!
While there are no plot-specific spoilers, we recommend visiting this page a number of times as you read every few chapters.
Chapter 1
Modern-Day Denmark
Modern-day Denmark is a prosperous Scandinavian nation known for its high standard of living and strong social welfare system. It boasts a vibrant capital city, Copenhagen, with a mix of historic charm and modern innovation. Denmark also emphasizes sustainability, renewable energy, and environmental conservation, making it a global leader in green initiatives.
Copenhagen
Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, is a dynamic and culturally rich city that seamlessly blends its historic charm with modern innovation. This picturesque metropolis is famed for its iconic waterfront, where colorful townhouses line the Nyhavn canal, creating a postcard-worthy scene. The city’s commitment to sustainability is evident in its extensive network of bike lanes and green spaces, making it one of the most bike-friendly and eco-conscious cities in the world. With its vibrant culinary scene, progressive social policies, and a relaxed way of life, Copenhagen consistently ranks as one of the world’s most livable and exciting cities.
Denmark at War
During World War II, Denmark faced a challenging and complex situation. In April 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in a swift military operation. Denmark’s resistance was limited, and the Danish government decided to surrender to avoid excessive destruction and casualties. This led to a period of German occupation that lasted until May 1945.
While under occupation, Denmark maintained a policy of relative cooperation, attempting to preserve Danish institutions and maintain a degree of autonomy. However, this cooperation came at a cost, as Danish Jews faced persecution and deportation to concentration camps, resulting in the loss of many lives. Danish resistance efforts grew over time, with the famous rescue of almost all Danish Jews by transporting them to neutral Sweden in 1943.
Denmark was liberated by British and Canadian forces in 1945, leading to the reestablishment of Danish sovereignty. The post-war years were marked by rebuilding and a renewed commitment to democracy and human rights. Denmark’s experience during World War II remains a complex chapter in its history, characterized by a delicate balance between cooperation and resistance under occupation.
The Danish Resistance Movement
Danish resistance fighters during World War II played a courageous and vital role in opposing Nazi occupation and defending their nation’s values. Despite Denmark’s initial surrender to the invading German forces in 1940, a dedicated underground resistance movement emerged. These brave individuals engaged in acts of sabotage, intelligence gathering, and smuggling, all while operating under constant threat.
Chapter 2
Hans Christian Andersen
In the beginning of Chapter 2, Kirsti and Annemarie discuss the stories of Hans Christian Andersen, a prolific Danish author best known for his timeless fairy tales, including “The Little Mermaid,” “The Ugly Duckling,” “The Princess and the Pea,” “The Emperor’s New Clothes,” and “The Snow Queen.” His stories often combined whimsical fantasy with profound themes and moral lessons, appealing to both children and adults. Andersen’s works have been translated into numerous languages and continue to captivate readers worldwide, solidifying his legacy as one of the greatest storytellers in literary history.
Christian X
Christian X of Denmark, born on September 26, 1870, reigned as King of Denmark from 1912 until his death in 1947. Christian X was a symbol of Danish unity and resilience during World War II when Nazi Germany occupied Denmark in 1940.
Perhaps his most iconic moment came during the Nazi occupation when he rode his horse through the streets of Copenhagen every day, unaccompanied by guards or an entourage, symbolizing his solidarity with the Danish people and their resistance to the occupiers. This act endeared him to the Danish population and became a powerful visual symbol of national unity.
Jubilee the Horse
Jubilee was the name of King Christian X of Denmark’s beloved horse. This horse gained widespread recognition and fame during World War II when the king regularly rode through the streets of Copenhagen as a symbol of his solidarity with the Danish people during the Nazi occupation.
Amalienborg
Amalienborg is a historic palace complex in Copenhagen, Denmark that it serves as the official residence of the Danish royal family. Its history dates back to the 18th century, when it was constructed under the reign of King Frederick V. The palace is renowned for its elegant Rococo architecture and is considered one of the finest examples of this style in Denmark.
Amalienborg’s central location along the waterfront provides breathtaking views of the Copenhagen harbor, making it a picturesque and iconic symbol of the Danish monarchy. It continues to be an integral part of Denmark’s cultural heritage and a must-visit destination for tourists interested in both history and architectural beauty.
Chapter 3
Denmark WW2 Timeline 1939-1940
September 1, 1939: World War II begins when Germany invades Poland.
April 9, 1940: Nazi Germany invades Denmark and Norway in a surprise attack.
April 9, 1940: Denmark’s King Christian X surrenders to avoid excessive destruction.
Occupation Begins: German troops occupy Denmark during World War II.
1943
August 28, 1943: Denmark’s government resigns due to disagreements with the German occupiers.
October 1943: Danish resistance grows stronger against German forces.
The Rescue of the Danish Jews
October 1-2, 1943: In a courageous effort, Danish people and resistance groups help nearly 7,000 Jews escape to neutral Sweden to save them from deportation and potential harm.
1945
May 5, 1945: Denmark is liberated by British and Canadian forces as World War II ends in Europe.
After the War
Post-war Rebuilding: Denmark rebuilds its country after the war and continues to develop its democratic and welfare state.
1947: King Christian X passes away, and his son, King Frederick IX, becomes the new king.
Chapter 4
Wartime Rationing
During World War II rationing was a pervasive and challenging aspect of daily life in Denmark. Under German occupation, the Danish government introduced ration cards to fairly distribute essential items like food, clothing, and fuel among the population. Food scarcity was a primary concern, leading to creative culinary adaptations and the cultivation of victory gardens. Additionally, clothing and textile rationing prompted resourcefulness in maintaining and repairing garments. While the wartime measures imposed hardships and constraints on the Danish people, the people’s resilience and collective spirit helped them endure these challenges and contributed to their eventual liberation when Germany withdrew in 1945.
Sinking the Naval Fleet
During World War II, Denmark found itself in a precarious position when Nazi Germany invaded in April 1940. Faced with an overwhelming and swift German advance, the Danish government was left with a painful decision regarding its navy. Rather than allow their modern fleet to fall into German hands, Danish naval officers made the difficult choice to scuttle their own ships. This act of self-destruction involved intentionally sinking their vessels by opening seacocks and valves, rendering them unusable. The decision was driven by the desire to prevent the German occupation from gaining control of Danish naval assets and to minimize further destruction and loss of life on Danish soil. This act symbolized Denmark’s determination to safeguard its interests and maintain a semblance of sovereignty during a tumultuous period in European history.
Fish-Skin Shoes
During World War II, fish skin shoes became an innovative and resourceful solution to address the severe shortage of leather and rubber. As the conflict raged on, traditional materials for footwear production were diverted to military use, leaving civilians with few options for durable shoes. In response to this scarcity, individuals and fashion designers turned to alternative materials, such as fish skin, to create footwear. Fish skin proved to be a surprisingly durable and readily available substitute. This unusual trend was not only practical, but also reflected the resilience and adaptability of the civilian population during a time of scarcity and rationing. Fish skin shoes thus became a symbol of ingenuity and resourcefulness during the challenging years of World War II, demonstrating how fashion and necessity can intersect in unexpected ways during times of crisis.
Tivoli Gardens
Tivoli Gardens, located in the heart of Copenhagen, Denmark, is a renowned amusement park and cultural hub that seamlessly blends historic charm with modern entertainment. Established in 1843, it is one of the world’s oldest amusement parks and is characterized by its enchanting landscaped gardens, picturesque lakes, and beautifully illuminated pathways. Tivoli offers a diverse range of attractions, including thrilling rides, live performances, and an array of dining options, making it a beloved destination for locals and tourists alike. Its magical atmosphere is particularly enchanting during the holiday season when it transforms into a winter wonderland adorned with festive lights and decorations, making Tivoli Gardens a timeless and cherished destination for all ages.
Chapter 5
Blackout Curtains
During World War II, blackout curtains played a vital role in civilian life on the home front. These specially designed curtains were used to enforce strict blackout measures in cities and towns vulnerable to enemy air raids. The primary purpose of blackout curtains was to prevent any light from escaping homes and buildings at night, making it difficult for enemy aircraft to identify targets. People meticulously installed these heavy, light-absorbing curtains on windows and doors, sealing any potential sources of light leakage. The use of blackout curtains became a symbol of collective effort and sacrifice as citizens understood the critical importance of maintaining darkness during nightly blackout hours. This simple yet effective measure significantly contributed to the overall safety and security of civilian populations during a tumultuous period in history.
The Star of David
In Chapter 5, Annemarie helps Ellen hide her Star of David necklace. The Star of David, also known as the Shield of David or Magen David, is a prominent symbol in Judaism. It consists of two equilateral triangles superimposed on each other, forming a six-pointed star. This symbol has deep historical and religious significance for Jewish people and has become an iconic representation of their faith. While its exact origins are debated, the Star of David has been associated with Jewish identity and heritage for centuries.
Chapter 6
The Johansens and Ellen discuss a few local landmarks on their train ride from Copenhagen to Gilleleje. Learn more about Dyrehaven and historic Kronborg Castle below.
Deer Park
“Dyre haven” in Klampenborg, located just north of Copenhagen. Dyrehaven, which translates to “The Deer Park,” is a vast and picturesque forested area that has a rich history dating back to the 17th century. It was originally established as a royal hunting ground by King Christian V of Denmark and Norway in the late 17th century.
Dyrehaven is renowned for its natural beauty, with dense woodlands, open meadows, and serene lakes. It is home to a significant population of red and fallow deer, which roam freely throughout the park, giving it its name. Visitors can often spot these majestic creatures grazing in the open fields.
One of the most notable features of Dyrehaven is the Old Oak, known as the “Jægersborg Hegn Oak,” which is one of the oldest and largest oak trees in Denmark, estimated to be around 1,500 years old.
Kronborg Castle
Kronborg Castle is a magnificent Renaissance fortress located in Helsingør, Denmark. Originally built in the 15th century as a stronghold to control the entrance to the Baltic Sea, it gained international fame as the setting for William Shakespeare’s iconic play, Hamlet. The castle played a vital role in the collection of tolls from passing ships, enhancing Denmark’s economic power during the Renaissance. Its imposing architecture and strategic location also made it a formidable symbol of Danish royal authority.
Chapter 7
Gilleleje
The setting of the story switches to a northern fishing village called Gilleleje. It is a picturesque coastal town nestled along the northern shores of Zealand, Denmark. Known for its stunning natural beauty, Gilleleje boasts pristine beaches, charming harbors, and a quaint, seaside atmosphere. Its rich maritime history is evident in the bustling fishing port, where colorful boats bob on the water and seafood restaurants offer freshly caught delicacies. The town was a key site for the rescue operation that saved Danish Jews during World War II.
Scandinavian Nights
When Ellen and Annemarie go to sleep in Gilleleje, it is still a bit bright out. Countries in the northern and southernmost spots of the world have vastly different hours of daylight than those near the equator. The differences are due to the way the Earth is tilted and the way it rotates. In Copenhagen during the winter, Danes get about 7.2 hours of light a day. For example, in December, the sun rises around 8:30AM and the sun sets around 3:30. The opposite is true during the summer. On the longest day of the year, June 21tst, Danes get about17.6 hours of daylight. The sun can rise as early as 4:30AM and set as late as 10:00 PM.
Chapter 10
Map
Chapter 16
Evading Nazi Dogs
Danish resistance fighters evaded Nazi tracking dogs during World War II by employing a combination of tactics. They would mask their scent with substances like mud or pepper, constantly change hideouts, use misdirection with cover scents, and cross water bodies to disrupt scent trails. Natural camouflage in forests, night operations, blending into urban environments, counterintelligence to anticipate patrols, setting traps or diversions, effective communication, and experience-driven skills were crucial. These resourceful methods, amidst a broader resistance effort, helped resistance fighters elude capture and contribute to Denmark’s eventual liberation from Nazi occupation.
Chapter 17
Danish Flag and Anthem
Flags are often emotionally significant to citizens because they serve as symbols of national identity, ideals, and pride. The flag embodies a shared history, culture, and values, connecting people to their roots and uniting them under a common symbol that transcends individual differences. This emotional attachment to the flag strengthens national cohesion and encourages citizens to come together, particularly during times of celebration, crisis, or international representation.